EXPORT NEWS: Why some countries banned importation of Nigerian goods- NEPC PORT HARCOURT— Nigerian Export Promotion Council, NEPC, yesterday, noted that poor packaging and labelling of goods produced in Nigeria was the reason some countries banned their importation. Executive Director of NEPC, Mr. Olusegun Awolowo, in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, at a one-day export workshop organised by the South-South Regional Office of the council, said that several countries had banned Nigerian products because of poor packaging. Awolowo said that export of Nigerian products was also a challenge as a result of poor packaging. Speaking through the Regional Coordinator of NEPC, Mr. Mike Nworgu, Awolowo said that NEPC was taking all necessary steps to ensure that goods produced in Nigerian were properly packaged to allow for easy export. He said: “Part of the strategies is to ensure suitable packaging and labelling of productis. Sadly, the importance of packaging and labelling are sometimes subverted, leading to export rejects and outright ban of Nigerian products in some instances.”

EXPORT MATTERS: INCO Terms (International Commercial Terms) (2) *FOB - Free on board (name port of shipment) - in this trade term, you, the seller is deemed to have delivered the goods to the buyer when they pass the ship's rail, on board a vessel chosen by the buyer, at the named Port. *CIF - Cost, Insurance and Freight (name port of destination) - The good is deemed to have been delivered by you, the seller to the buyer when they pass through the ship's rail at the port of export; you obtain insurance against the buyer's risk of loss or damage and clear the goods for export. You arrange for the carriage of the goods by sea to a port of destination, and provides the buyer with the documents necessary to obtain the goods from the carrier. (To be continued)

EXPORT MATTERS: INCO Terms (International Commercial Terms) (1) Another important thing you should know about the management of transportation, shipping and clearing of your goods is the INCO Terms. INCO refers to International Commercial Terms. It tells you, an importer, what your responsibilities are, and who is responsible to certain costs in the international transaction. The terms are universal as they apply to all trading nations under all circumstances; as specified by the International Chamber of Commerce INCO Terms 2000. It has been observed that most exporters and importers do not understand the complications and unexpected results of INCO Terms, particularly as it relates to who is responsible for various transport costs associated to manage the execution of the export and import documentations. You must be able to understand your extent of responsibility when any of these terms are used in your document. To do this, you must be familiar to the use of these terms. There are basically thirteen (13) standard INCO Terms, but we are going to deal with only four price terms common in Nigeria for shipment. They are FOB (Free on Board), CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight), CFR (Cost and Freight), and DES (Delivery Ex-ship). (To be continued)

EXPORT MATTERS: INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORTATION OF GOODS (3) *Sea Transport - Shipment by sea is the most important method of transport and accounts for a very high proportion of goods moved internationally. Transport by sea makes use of shipping agencies. Depending on the quantity of goods you want to export and the time frame mapped out for the reception of the consignment; sea transport remains the best option when you want to export large quantity of goods. Its cost is cheaper than air transport, but only that it takes longer time to reach the destination than that of air transport. You have to consider the above before finally deciding on which mode of transport to use when exporting goods to other countries. Cost is a very sensitive consideration in international transactions which must not be neglected, but there are times when time constraint matters most in order to meet up with competing forces. The choice is yours. However, most exporters delegate the management of transport, shipment and documentation to freight forwaders or shipping agents. This is due to the complicating nature of the processes involved. Of course, despite all the complications, as an exporter, you are expected to be familiar with the processes involved in exporting your goods. This is so because; you are accountable for any short comings. (To be continued)

EXPORT MATTERS: INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORTATION OF GOODS (2) *Air Transport - Exporting goods to other countries through air is the fastest means, though it is costlier than both road and sea; and it can carry only limited quantity of goods compared to sea transport. It is advantageous if you want to export smaller quantity of goods; goods that are urgently needed in the market or samples of goods you are intending to export. It is also preferable in exporting some perishable commodities. As an exporter, you must properly weigh the competitive advantage before making by air your choice of exporting goods to other countries. (To be continued)

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EXPORT MATTERS: INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORTATION OF GOODS (1) Obviously, before putting into papers your export requirements, you must have decided the channel to be used in sending your goods to the buyer's country. By this we mean deciding which means of transport your will use to send your goods into the country. That is, either by Road (Land), Air, or Sea. Road, Air or Sea is the major means of transporting goods to any country. You have to make choice of either or a combination of any two of them, when sending goods into foreign countries. Of course, the choice you make will depend on your understanding the advantage of using either of them. Road Transport - Road transportation refers to the use of lorry and truck in carrying your goods in export transactions. This is usually possible where the buyer's country has common land boarder with yours. However, it must be noted that even if you use either by air or by sea, the use of lorry or truck, through land, to carry your goods is still necessary. (To be continued)

EXPORT MATTERS: ENGAGING THE SERVICES OF A FREIGHT FORWARDER (2) Finally, a freight forwarder can help you determine whether the goods you want to export require a license, a permit or certification and percentage of tax (duty) allotted to the goods. Still, you may not want to figure out customs issues on your own. This is one of those times when an expert, i.e., a freigh forwarder, can save a lot of problems. Use a freight forwarder to help you sort out export issues. They are worth their weight in gold because they know how to get things done and can be the difference between having to pay a surprise fee or not or having your shipment held up because the paperwork is not correct. Do not undervalue the worth of your export goods or avoid the right and correct documentation. Don't do it! It's illegal, you will eventually get caught and you will pay penalties. Always follow the normal and legal process. Note: It can take 3-4 days from the time you present all of the documents and make payments for your cargo to be taken on board the ship or plane for export, so don't be surprised. Finally, until you are familiar with export processes, don't be hesitant to spend the extra money on all of the helpers, such as inspection companies, shipping agents or freight forwarders. Only, until you know what you are doing, these professionals can save you a lot of money by avoiding problems that can result in spoiled or inferior product shipments, unexpected exporting costs or goods held up in a warehouse while problems are sorted out. International.

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EXPORT MATTERS: ENGAGING THE SERVICES OF A FREIGHT FORWARDER You need a freight forwarder. A freight forwarder or a forwarding agent is a person or company that organizes shippments for individuals or other companies. A freight forwarder helps you in your export and import business. You can get a freight forwarder via the internet or through friends. Your freight forwarder is like your export consultant; he is the one to handle the logistics and every other thing that has to do with whatever you are exporting. He helps you get allocation of your container. He is also the one that would help you to getting a transporter, and complete all other necessary things that you need to do in the port. The freight forwarder as an experts typically handle issues concerning entry procedures, classification issues such as the Nigerian Harmonized Tariff Classification System, tariff treatments and trade agreements, compliance, valuation and classification of goods, assessment of duties etc. His obligation is to comply with regulatory and statutory requirements on your behalf. Where any of your exported good fall under regulatory product, such as food and drugs and standardized products, the regulatory agent concerned must be contacted and due process complied with in exporting the consignment. (To be continued)

EXPORT MATTERS: *Engaging Independent Inspectors Inspection Company: It is advisable that, you must make sure you engage an agent over there or yourself satisfies the products before they are shipped to you. If you are placing a large order, you have a great deal at risk. Lower your risk by hiring an inspection company in the country of origin to inspect the goods before they leave the country. Inspections can take place during manufacture to catch problems before they become too big, at the time of packing at the factory to be sure that the right materials are being shipped and /or at the dock to be sure that the right goods you bought and packed will be loaded up and shipped to you. You may be hesitant to spend the extra money on all of the "helpers" such as inspection companies, shipping agents and customs brokers. But, until you know what you are doing, these professionals can save you a lot of money by avoiding problems that can result in spoiled or inferior product shipments, unexpected importing costs or goods held up in a warehouse while problems are sorted out.

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