President Trump’s newly released National Security Strategy is a pleasantly centrist document -- essentially a well-written amalgam of mainstream foreign policy principles that could as easily have emerged from a Hillary Clinton White House. Despite a couple of outlying aspects, the “four pillars” of the document reflect traditional ideas of international relations and are hard to argue with: protect the homeland, promote American prosperity, preserve peace through strength, and advance U.S. influence.

Naša Isidora Dabovic se vratila na mesto nastanka svetla Adriatic Council-a, Berlin 2013.g Svet ostaje na mladim snagama i njima prepustamo vodjstvo! “We are born at a given moment, in a given place and, like vintage years of wine, we have the qualities of the year and of the season of which we are born. Astrology does not lay claim to anything more." - Carl Jung ...”

In the final Trial Judgement of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), Trial Chamber I today convicted Ratko Mladić, former Commander of the Main Staff of the Bosnian Serb Army (VRS) of genocide, crimes against humanity and violations of the laws or customs of war. These crimes were committed by Serb forces during the armed conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) from 1992 until 1995. Ratko Mladić was sentenced to life imprisonment. Mladić was convicted of genocide and persecution, extermination, murder, and the inhumane act of forcible transfer in the area of Srebrenica in 1995; of persecution, extermination, murder, deportation and inhumane act of forcible transfer in municipalities throughout BiH; of murder, terror and unlawful attacks on civilians in Sarajevo; and of hostage-taking of UN personnel. He was acquitted of the charge of genocide in several municipalities in BiH in 1992. The Chamber found that Mladić committed these crimes through his participation in, and contribution to, four joint criminal enterprises (JCE), i.e. the Overarching JCE, the Sarajevo JCE, the Srebrenica JCE and the Hostage-taking JCE. The Overarching JCE, which existed between 1991 and November 1995, had the objective of permanently removing Bosnian Muslims and Bosnian Croats from Bosnian Serb-claimed territory through the commission of crimes in municipalities throughout BiH (Municipalities). The Chamber found that the evidence did not support a finding that the crime of genocide formed part of the objective of the Overarching JCE. The Judges established that Bosnian Serb Forces killed many Bosnian Muslims and Bosnian Croats, while numerous others were forcibly displaced from their homes, during and after the take-over of the Municipalities or following attacks on non-Serb villages. “Circumstances were brutal; those who tried to defend their homes were met with ruthless force. Mass executions occurred and some victims succumbed after being beaten. Many of the perpetrators who had captured Bosnian Muslims, showed little or no respect for human life or dignity”, said the Presiding Judge Alphons Orie. Other victims were arrested, detained in detention facilities, often under inhumane living conditions, subjected to torture, beatings, rape and other acts of sexual violence, and then transported out of the Municipalities. Mladić was instrumental to the commission of these crimes, the Chamber found, so much so that without his acts - they would not have been committed as they were. The judges therefore found that he significantly contributed to achieving the common objective of permanently removing Muslims and Croats from Serb-claimed territory in BiH by committing the crimes. Mladić was found guilty of persecution, extermination, murder, deportation, and the inhumane act of forcible transfer. The Chamber further found by majority (Judge Orie dissenting), that the physical perpetrators in several municipalities intended to destroy the Bosnian Muslims in those Municipalities as a part of the protected group. However, the judges concluded that the Bosnian Muslims targeted in each municipality formed a relatively small part and were not in other ways a substantial part of the protected group. Consequently, the Chamber was not satisfied that the only reasonable inference was that the physical perpetrators possessed the required intent to destroy a substantial part of the protected group of Bosnian Muslims. Between May 1992 and November 1995, the Judges found, Mladić significantly contributed to a JCE to establish and carry out a campaign of sniping and shelling, aimed to spread terror among the civilian population of Sarajevo (Sarajevo JCE). During this period, the VRS deliberately shelled and sniped the civilian population of Sarajevo daily, often at locations that had little or no military value, resulting in deaths and injuries of thousands of citizens. The people of Sarajevo, Presiding Judge Orie said “were made to live in a state of constant distress. Every time they or their loved ones left their homes, they wondered if they would be targeted by sniper or artillery fire”. The Judges determined that Mladić intended to perpetrate these crimes to achieve the objective of the Sarajevo JCE and that his actions were instrumental to the commission of the crimes. The Chamber therefore found Mladić guilty of the crimes of terror, unlawful attacks on civilians and murder. The Chamber also established that a JCE existed with the common purpose of taking UN personnel hostage to compel NATO to abstain from conducting air strikes against Bosnian Serb targets (Hostage-taking JCE). To this end, between approximately 25 May and 24 June 1995, UN personnel were detained by Bosnian Serb Forces and taken to various locations throughout BiH. Some were chained or handcuffed, at times at gunpoint, outside locations of military significance. Mladić intended to detain the UN personnel and issued threats against them during their detention in order to achieve the objective of stopping the NATO air strikes. The judges concluded that Mladić’s contributions were central to the implementation of the Hostage-taking JCE’s objective and that he is therefore guilty of the crime of taking hostages. Further, the Chamber found that in 1995 Mladić participated in a JCE to eliminate the Bosnian Muslims in Srebrenica (Srebrenica JCE). In March 1995 Mladić signed orders for a strategic operation against the enclave, intending to empty it of its Bosnian Muslim population and make the area Serbian territory. After the VRS entered Srebrenica on 11 July 1995, the Bosnian Muslim women, children, and some elderly men were forcibly removed from the enclave to Bosnian Muslim-held territory. The Bosnian-Muslim men taken from the UN base in Potočari were detained in temporary detention facilities and later, together with thousands of others captured from the column fleeing the enclave on foot, bussed to various sites in Srebrenica, Bratunac, and Zvornik municipalities, where they were executed. The Chamber found that Mladić intended to carry out the objective of the Srebrenica JCE by destroying the Bosnian Muslims in Srebrenica, by killing the men and boys and forcibly removing the women, youbbng children, and some elderly men. The Chamber therefore found Mladić guilty of genocide, persecution, murder, extermination, and the inhumane act of forcible transfer. Parties have the right to appeal the judgement. The appeal proceedings, if any, will be carried out by the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals (MICT). http://www.icty.org/en/press/tribunal-convicts-ratko-mladi%C4%87-for-genocide-war-crimes-and-crimes-against-humanity

Nobel prize winners for Economics - Richard Thaler Mental Accounting The economist Richard Thaler, a keen observer of human behavior and founder of behavioral economics, was inspired by Kahneman & Tversky’s work (see Thaler, 2015, for a summary). Thaler coined the concept of mental accounting. The overarching notion behind this theory is that people think of value in relative rather than absolute terms. For example, they derive pleasure not just from an object’s value, but also the quality of the deal—its transaction utility (Thaler, 1985). In addition, humans often fail to consider fully opportunity costs (tradeoffs) and are susceptible to the sunk cost fallacy (Thaler, 1999). A core idea behind mental accounting is that people treat money differently, depending on factors such as the money’s origin and intended use, rather than thinking of it in terms of formal accounting. An important term underlying the theory is fungibility, the fact that all money is the same and has no labels. In mental accounting, people treat assets as less fungible than they really are; they frame assets as belonging to current wealth, current income, or future income. Consider unexpected gains: Small windfalls (e.g. a $50 lottery win) are generally treated as ‘current income’ that is likely to be spent, whereas large windfalls (e.g. a $5,000 bonus at work) are considered ‘wealth’ (Thaler, 1985). Another example from mental accounting is credit card payments, which are treated differently than cash. Mental accounting theory suggests that credit cards decouple the purchase from the payment by separating and delaying the payment. Credit card spending is also attractive because on credit card bills individual items (e.g. a $50 expense) will lose their salience when they are seen as a small part of a larger amount due (e.g. $843) (Thaler, 1999).

Naš ko-predsednik Dejan Novakovic pozvan je da učestvuje na ovogodišnjem Bled Strategic Forum-u koji se održava 4 i 5 septembra na Bledu, Slovenija. Pored brojnih bilateralnih susreta sa liderima iz čitavog sveta koji će biti prisutni na BSF, g-din Novaković će upoznati prisutne i sa aktivnostima Adriatic Councila koje se preduzimaju radi stvaranja uslova za izgradnju mira i prosperiteta u regionu Jadrana. Za samo godinu dana od naše prve konferencije u Sarajevu, pa preko dva skupa Adriatic Dialogue u Ljubljani, Adriatic Council - www.adriatic-council.eu je prepoznata kao organizacija koja menja sumornu stvarnost na bolje. Hvala BSF na pozivu i prilici da zajedno pomognemo regionu da shvati da je samo put mira i saradnje potreban. Sve licne frustracije i "bolesne vizije", nemaju mesta u svetu koji želimo da izgradimo za sve nas.

Adriatic Dialogue: Slovenia and Balkan, Ljubljana 10.nov 2017.